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align="left"> <ul class="dash"> <li><a class="sub" href="references_biliography_p1.htm">Suggested Reading</a></li> <li><a class="sub" href="references_biliography_p2.htm">Research on Acamprosate</a></li> <li><a class="sub" href="references_caseStudies.htm">Case Studies</a></li> <li><a class="sub" href="Addiction_Alcohol_Dependency_resources.htm">Helpful Web Sites </a></li> <li><a class="sub" href="publications.html">Online Publications</a></li> <li><a class="sub" href="resources_terminology.htm">Glossary of Terms</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="section"> <div id="title"> <img src="images/resources/terminology_title.gif" /></div> <div id="bar"> <img src="images/section_2_images/bar.gif" /></div> <div class="para2"> <ul class="square"> <li><span class="style6">dysphoria-</span> a state of feeling acutely hopeless, uncomfortable, and unhappy</li> <li><span class="style6">endorphins-</span> natural peptides throughout the human body that combat pain and stress</li> <li><span class="style6">enteric-coating- </span>a barrier applied to oral medication that controls the location in the digestive system where it is absorbed</li> <li><span class="style6">food effect-</span> how a psychoactive chemical is altered when taken with food</li> <li><span class="style6">gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-</span> an amino acid that is found in the central nervous system and is associated with the transmission of nerve impulses</li> <li><span class="style6">glutamate- </span>a neurotransmitter that excites cells of the central nervous system</li> <li><span class="style6">glutamate receptor modulator- </span>a psychoactive chemical that can influence the activity of the glutamate receptor without directly activating it or blocking it </li> <li><span class="style6">hypnotics-</span> psychoactive chemicals that are intended to induce sleep</li> <li><span class="style6">limbic system- </span>a part of the central nervous system that is responsible for emotion</li> <li><span class="style6">medical detoxification-</span> the process of eliminating psychoactive chemicals from a user s body where the patient experiences acute withdrawal symptoms from the specific psychoactive chemicals</li> <li><span class="style6">metabolism-</span> the process of breaking down a psychoactive chemical into metabolites so they may be eliminated from the body</li> <li><span class="style6">Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET)- </span>a method of counseling where the patient s internal motivation is the driving force for changing problematic behavior</li> <li><span class="style6">Motivational Interviewing (MI)- </span>a method of counseling that recognizes that patients who need to make changes in their lives approach counseling at different levels of readiness to change their behavior</li> <li><span class="style6">naltrexone- </span>the generic name for ReVia®, which is a medication approved to help treat alcohol dependence by reducing the pleasurable effects of alcohol</li> <li><span class="style6">neurotransmitter-</span> chemical signals that instruct a neuron to do something</li> <li><span class="style6">NMDA receptors-</span> receptors that bind the neurotransmitter glutamate</li> <li><span class="style6">nucleus accumbens-</span> the part of the brain responsible for reinforcing the rewarding effects of a psychoactive chemical</li> <li><span class="style6">opioid receptor antagonist-</span> psychoactive chemicals that are designed to block the effects of opioids</li> <li><span class="style6">pharmacokinetics-</span> the process by which a psychoactive chemical is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body</li> <li><span class="style6">placebo-</span> an inactive substance or preparation used as a control in an experiment or test to determine the effectiveness of a medicinal psychoactive chemical </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="footer_02" style="position: absolute; left: 711px; top: 975px;"> <div id="PreviousSection_02" 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